Phospho-INSR (Tyr1355) Polyclonal Antibody, Invitrogen™

INSR (insulin receptor, IR) is a heterodimeric protein complex that has an intracellular beta subunit and an extracellular alpha subunit, which is disulfide- linked to a transmembrane segment. The insulin ligand binds to the IR and initiates molecular signaling pathways that promote glucose uptake in cells and glycogen synthesis. Insulin binding to IR induces phosphorylation of intracellular tyrosine kinase domains and recruitment of multiple SH2 and SH3 domain-containing intracellular proteins that serve as signaling intermediates for pleiotropic effects of insulin. INSR and IGF-1 receptors share major structural and functional similarity. The earliest cellular response to insulin stimulation is autophosphorylation of tyrosine in INSR. In humans, the INSR gene is located on chromosome 19. Defects in INSR are the cause of various insulin resistance syndromes and IGF-1R defects may also cause some forms of growth retardation.